God's Country

Understanding your Sikh neighbours

The Plain Truth from a
Discussion with Dr. Kapoor

There are about 400,000 Sikhs in Britain. What do they believe?
Why do Sikh men wear turbans?
What happens in a Sikh temple?

Sunny Govan.com: Many people think that Sikhism and Hinduism are the same. Is that right?
Dr Kapoor: No. They are separate religions, and there are fundamental differences between the two.

Sunny Govan.com:: What are they?
Dr Kapoor: First let me say that I respect all religions, and do not intend to be critical of others' beliefs. We will stick to the facts. A basic premise of Hinduism is the caste system. We do not believe in that. Hindus worship idols and images. Sikhs, like Christians, Muslims or Jews, believe in one abstract form of God. In our place of worship, the focal point is Guru Granth Sahib, our Holy book, whereas if you go to a Hindu temple the focal point is an image. There are many other differences. Hinduism and Sikhism are quite different.

Sunny Govan.com: What do Sikhs believe is the purpose of life?
Dr Kapoor: According to our belief, the human life is the ultimate life, from where you can get salvation. We believe we come from God, and through our actions, or karmas, the next form of life is decided. The ultimate goal is to do the best karmas through noble actions and meditation, so that we can go back to God. That can only happen in a human existence.

Sunny Govan.com: So you believe, for instance, that horses, rabbits and even tomatoes are a lower incarnation of human beings who had not lived a good life. I realise the theology is a bit more sophisticated than that, but is that it in essence?
Dr Kapoor: Basically yes. The first time you come in a life, you come as a human, born into a reasonably good family, with comforts and a good intellect. That is from where you start your actions and the `recording machine' starts. Some things - such as where to be born, how to be born, how much life we have and when will we die - are in the absolute control of God. We are responsible for our daily karmas. If we perform good deeds (karmas) we will get a happy life. If we perform bad deeds we get a suffering life. There are two ways we are rewarded or punished for our karmas. We get rewards or punishment in life, as long as that life continues. But if some of the karmas are unconsumed they go with us and then we are judged. And then the next life is determined according to karma. It could be that we are retained in heaven or sent back as a human in a suffering family, disabled, or blind.

Sunny Govan.com: Is it being too simplistic to say that if you live a really bad life you have the chance of coming back as, say, a rabbit?
Dr Kapoor: Of course that is possible, or any other form of life.

Sunny Govan.com: How does a rabbit live a better life?
Dr Kapoor: It can't. Animals don't perform a karma; they are just born into that life and die. But as you say, this is complicated. It would take many lectures to explain it fully.

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Sunny Govan.com: Could you tell us about the history of Sikhism. It is one of the newer faiths, isn't it?
Dr Kapoor: The founder was Guru Nanak born in Punjab in 1469, about the time the Protestant Movement was starting in Germany. We believe Guru Nanak was sent to this world by Almighty God with a message and a mission. After him came other Gurus, rather like the prophets of the Bible. The tenth Guru completed the mission. When he was about to leave this world, his followers gathered and said, `Who is after you?' He sent for the Holy Book, and said, `After me if you want any spiritual guidance you will get it from this holy scripture'. All of our instructions and teachings now are in this scripture.

Sunny Govan.com:When did all this happen?
Dr Kapoor: It was 1708. There was a 239-year period of Gurus between 1469 and 1708.

Sunny Govan.com: What is the significance of the turban that Sikh men wear?
Dr Kapoor: There are five distinguishing symbols of a baptised Sikh. First is a round steel bracelet, which reminds us of Almighty God. Second is uncut hair. Third is long underwear. Fourth is a small comb to clean the hair and the fifth is a sword which is to protect oneself and the innocent, but not for offensive purposes. In Punjabi language all these five symbols start with the letter K, so they were popularly known as five K's.
The tradition of turbans started so as to keep the long hair tidy and clean; one must have a head covering. Thus men wear a turban, and women wear a scarf called a chuni.

Sunny Govan.com: Do you wear the turban all the time?
Dr Kapoor: When we go home we take it off. When we are in the house we normally have a small scarf instead of a turban.

Sunny Govan.com: Is a turban pre-tied, or must you wind it each time you put it on?
Dr Kapoor: If you go according to strict rules, you must tie it every time you go out. If you kept it tied, it would become more like a cap, and that, strictly speaking, is not right. It takes 3-4 minutes to tie a turban and a turban is about 5-6 metres long.

Sunny Govan.com: If I was to invite a Sikh friend home for a meal, are there things I should know to avoid causing offence?
Dr Kapoor: Strictly speaking, Sikhs are not vegetarians. They eat any kind of meat, except halal. Smoking is strictly forbidden. We drink most of the soft drinks. Many Sikhs drink alcohol.

Sunny Govan.com: Do you have segregation between men and women or asceticism.
Dr Kapoor: No. Our customs in this regard are the same as the western world. We do not believe in asceticism either. Guru Nanak tells us that to serve God you do not have to leave home and family. God is realised when you live with your wife and children in a happy home. So we don't have convents or monasteries.

Sunny Govan.com:Do Sikh women have to wear the sari?
Dr Kapoor: No they can wear any type of dress, which is reasonably respectable. The sari is just the traditional dress from India.

Sunny Govan.com: Are women allowed to be religious teachers?
Dr Kapoor: Yes, there is no distinction between men and women teachers.

Sunny Govan.com:What is your place of worship like?
Dr Kapoor: It is called a gurdwara, made up of two words: gur which is the short form of Guru, and dwara, which means `the doorway'. The gurdwara is the doorway to reach God. There are usually two rooms in a gurdwara: one for prayers and one for community meals. The focal point is the Holy book. It is normally put on a small cot (stool) with some good clean sheets or coverings, in the room where people sit and sing hymns together. We must cover our head, and take off our shoes. Our hymns have to be sung in a special tune, in the style of Indian Classical music. Popular or modern versions are not allowed.
After the hymns, we retire to another room where a meal is prepared and served free of charge. Free meals are a part of our worship service. Everyone who goes to the gurdwara is offered free breakfast, lunch or dinner, depending on the time of day.

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Sunny Govan.com: Even if I came as a Christian?
Dr Kapoor: Anyone. I'm thankful you asked that question.

Sunny Govan.com: Can the Holy book be translated into other languages, or is it kept in the original Punjabi?
Dr Kapoor: It is already translated in many languages. But up to 99% of our services in this country are still in Punjabi. Personally I think it would be better for our young people if they were in English, because many of our youngsters do not understand traditional Punjabi.
You see, there are three generations of Sikhs in Britain.
The first generation's only objective was how to make a living, and set up a home.
The second generation suffered on that account for their parents never gave them enough attention. Life at home had different cultural values from outside. They did not know what to do.
The third generation is fine. We have realised that they would have western influences anyway and there is nothing wrong with that. It does not harm our children to draw from both cultures.
There are also a lot of inter-faith marriages.

Sunny Govan.com: Do you allow inter-faith marriages?
Dr Kapoor: We prefer our children to be married in our own culture and religion of course. Everyone does that. But there are a number of our children getting married to non-Sikhs.

Sunny Govan.com: How do you think of God?
Dr Kapoor: We worship God in abstract form. But we also teach that unless you have a relationship with Him, there will be no feeling. Feelings arise only when you have a relationship, as in your Christian example of thinking of God as Father and Son. According to Sikh religion, it need not be only Father and Son. Our fifth Guru says God can be father, mother, friend, beloved, wife. You choose any relationship so you can communicate with Him.

Sunny Govan.com: Is a Sikh also encouraged to have his or her own relationship with God through prayer and so on?
Dr Kapoor: Yes. There is emphasis on both individual prayers as well as congregational prayers. A baptised Sikh will pray three times a day: morning, evening and at night. If we can afford it we have a separate room for prayer in the house. But it is important to go to the Gurdwara. In India people go to the Gurdwara almost every day. Here, at least, we go once a week.

Sunny Govan.com: On any day, or do you have a `Sabbath'?
Dr Kapoor: No we can go to the Gurdwara any day. Although in Western countries most of the Gurdwaras do not open during the week, so we can we go only on Sunday.

Sunny Govan.com:Is Sikhism a valid religion for an increasingly technological society?
Dr Kapoor: Yes, why not? Our religion teaches the objective of life and I think in the modern society, we fit in as well as any other religion.

Sunny Govan.com: We often associate Sikhism with militancy. Like that episode at the Golden Temple some years ago. Historically, Sikhs seem to have had a reputation for being war-like.
Dr Kapoor: We come from Punjab, and Punjab is known to be a land of strong, fearless and brave people. Our main aim in this world is to remember God and to do good karmas. We are against injustice and persecution. We stand for defence of the innocent.

Sunny Govan.com:So Sikhism does not endorse terrorism?
Dr Kapoor: No, not at all. I don't think any religion endorses terrorism. But there seem to be fundamentalists in every religion who misinterpret their faith, and bring a bad name on everyone who belongs to that religion.


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